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起重機(jī)工作等級(jí)計(jì)算方法及各國(guó)對(duì)照表
SERVICE CLASSIFICATION OF HOIST
起升機(jī)構(gòu)的安全運(yùn)行周期取決于是否按特定的工作等級(jí)正確使用。根據(jù)歐洲搬運(yùn)協(xié)會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) FEM9.511 和中國(guó)國(guó)家相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定,起重機(jī)的起升機(jī)構(gòu)工作等級(jí)由載荷譜和日均運(yùn)行當(dāng)量時(shí)間確定。
Safe and effective operation of the hoist is dependent on correct classification of the hoist’s operation group. According to FEM9.511 and China standard the hoist’s operating group can be determined from load spectrum and average Daily operating time.
載荷譜 Load Spectrum
載荷譜可以根據(jù)下面表格確定
The load spectrum can be determined from the table below
輕級(jí) 偶爾吊滿載經(jīng)常吊輕載 固定載荷輕 | 中級(jí) 偶爾吊滿載經(jīng)常吊輕載 固定載荷半載 | 重級(jí) 重復(fù)吊滿載經(jīng)常吊半載 固定載荷重 | 超重級(jí)
幾乎全吊滿載固定載荷超重 |
Light Occasional full load Usually light load Small fixed load | Medium Occasional full load Usually light load Average fixed load | Heavy Repetitive full load Usually average load Heavy fixed load | Very Heavy
Usually almost full load Very heavy fixed load |
日均當(dāng)量使用時(shí)間 Average daily operating time
日均當(dāng)量使用時(shí)間可以根據(jù)實(shí)際使用時(shí)間按統(tǒng)計(jì)方法測(cè)算,參考公式如下:
The average daily operating time of the hoist can be calculated from the running time of the hoisting machinery (Hours/day):
H = 平均起升高度 average hoisting height (m)
N = 平均每小時(shí)工作循環(huán)次數(shù)
number of work cycles per hour (cycles/h) T = 日均工作時(shí)間 daily working time (h)
V = 起升速度 hoisting speed (m/min)
當(dāng)載荷譜和日均當(dāng)量使用時(shí)間確定后,可以根據(jù)下面表中數(shù)據(jù)查出工作級(jí)別:
When the load spectrum and the average daily operating time of the hoist are identified, the hoist’s operating group is obtained from the table below:
載荷譜Load Spectrum | 日平均當(dāng)量使用時(shí)間 Average daily operating time ISO(GB) / FEM ( 小時(shí) / 天 hours per day) | |||||
≤ 0.5 | ≤1 | ≤2 | ≤4 | ≤8 | ≤ 16 | |
輕級(jí) Light | M3 1Bm | M4 1Am | M5 2m | M6 3m | ||
中級(jí) Medium | M3 1Bm | M4 1Am | M5 2m | M6 3m | M7 4m | |
重級(jí) Heavy | M3 1Bm | M4 1Am | M5 2m | M6 3m | M7 4m | |
超重級(jí) Very Heavy | M4 1Am | M5 2m | M6 3m | M7 4m |
例子:
某用戶的起重機(jī)載荷譜為中級(jí),起升速度 V=5m/min,平均工作起升高度 H=3m,平均每小時(shí)工作循環(huán) N=5 次,兩班制日工作時(shí)間 T=16 小時(shí),計(jì)算得出當(dāng)量工作時(shí)間 t=1.6,從上表中查得工作級(jí)別為中國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn) M5(等同于歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 2m)。
起重機(jī)工作等級(jí)比較表 Comparing of crane class
工作等級(jí) Duty Code | ||||||
ISO/BS/DIN | M3 | M4 | M5 | M6 | M7 | M8 |
GB | A3 | A4 | A5 | A6 | A7 | A8 |
FEM | 1Bm | 1Am | 2m | 3m | 4m | 5m |
CMAA | A | B | C | D | E | F |
HMI | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 | H5 | H6 |
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對(duì)應(yīng)的起升當(dāng)量工作周期 Hoist Standard Value ( 小時(shí) Hr) | ||||||
安全工作周期 SWP(h) | 400 | 800 | 1,600 | 3,200 | 6,300 | 12,500 |
持續(xù)率 Duty %ED | 25 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 60 |
啟動(dòng)次數(shù) Starts (s/h) | 150 | 180 | 240 | 300 | 360 | 360 |
運(yùn)行時(shí)間 Run Time(h) | 3,200 | 6,300 | 12,500 | 25,000 | 50,000 | 100,000 |
啟動(dòng)次數(shù) Starts | 480,000 |
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